The science, simply
Why prescription gel is the only thing that actually changes the colour of your teeth.
There are two kinds of staining. Extrinsic stains sit on the outside of the tooth — coffee, tea, wine, smoke. A good hygienist visit removes most of these in 30 minutes.
Intrinsic staining is different. It lives inside the tooth — built up over years from food, age, and sometimes medication. No toothpaste, no strip, no scraping can reach it.
The only thing that can is hydrogen peroxide (or its slow-release cousin, carbamide peroxide). It penetrates the enamel, breaks down the chromophore molecules that make teeth look yellow, and lifts the colour from within.
That chemistry only works at clinical concentration — around 10–16% — and only when the gel is held against the tooth long enough for it to penetrate. Which is why custom-fit trays + dentist-prescribed gel works, and 5-minute strips don't.