Start with the problem

What's bothering you,
and what can be done.

Most people arrive knowing what they don't like about their smile, not which treatment fixes it. So this page starts where you start — with what you see in the mirror.

Each concern below explains what's actually causing it, which treatments genuinely help, and — just as importantly — when a simpler option is the better answer. Nothing here replaces an examination, but it should mean you arrive knowing the right questions.

01

Crooked or crowded teeth

Also called malocclusion, crowding

“How do I straighten my teeth without braces?”

Teeth that overlap, sit rotated, or have drifted over the years. Crowding often becomes more noticeable in your late twenties and thirties, even if you had braces as a teenager — the lower front teeth are usually the first to shift.

What can help

An honest note

If your teeth are genuinely crowded, straightening them first almost always gives a better — and more conservative — result than covering them. Veneers on crowded teeth can mean removing more tooth structure than necessary. Dr. Albert will usually suggest Invisalign first, then a small amount of bonding to refine the edges, rather than veneers alone.

02

Gaps between teeth

Also called diastema, black triangles

“How do I close the gap in my front teeth?”

A space between the two front teeth, uneven spacing across the smile, or the dark triangular gaps that can open at the gum line as gums recede. All three are closable — the right method depends on how wide the space is and why it is there.

What can help

An honest note

A single small gap is often a one-appointment fix with bonding — no need for a full smile makeover. For multiple gaps or larger spaces, Invisalign is usually the better option: closing a wide gap with composite alone can leave the front teeth looking too broad, whereas moving them together first keeps the proportions right.

03

Discoloured or yellow teeth

Also called staining, intrinsic discolouration

“Why are my teeth yellow, and how do I whiten them?”

Surface staining from tea, coffee, red wine and smoking sits on the outside of the enamel. Deeper discolouration comes from inside the tooth — ageing, trauma, or antibiotics taken in childhood. They look similar in the mirror and respond very differently to treatment.

What can help

An honest note

Whitening first, always. It is the least invasive thing we can do, and a great many people who arrive asking about veneers turn out to want whiter teeth rather than different ones. It also matters for sequencing: whitening cannot lighten composite or porcelain, so any bonding or veneers are matched to your shade afterwards — not the other way round.

04

White spots on teeth

Also called decalcification, fluorosis, hypomineralisation

“How do I get rid of the white marks on my teeth?”

Chalky white patches that sit within the enamel rather than on it. They most often appear after braces or aligners, where plaque sat against the tooth, but they can also be developmental — present since the teeth first came through. They are the one discolouration that whitening rarely solves.

What can help

An honest note

Whitening is usually the wrong first move here, and often makes things briefly worse — it lightens the surrounding enamel while the white spots stay put, so they stand out more before they settle. ICON is the treatment actually designed for this: it costs a fraction of veneers, takes one visit, and removes no tooth structure at all. It is always worth trying before anything is placed over the tooth.

05

Chipped, worn or uneven edges

Also called tooth wear, attrition, erosion

“How do I fix a chipped front tooth?”

A chip from an accident, or the slow flattening of the front teeth from grinding, acidic diets or years of ordinary use. Worn edges are what make a smile read as older — the teeth lose the subtle length variation and translucency they had at twenty.

What can help

An honest note

One chipped corner is a small, quick, inexpensive repair — not a reason to redo your whole smile. But if grinding caused the wear, treating the cause matters more than the repair. Rebuilding worn edges without addressing a grinding habit means watching the same thing happen again, and Dr. Albert would rather tell you that at consultation than eighteen months later.

06

Small, short or misshapen teeth

Also called peg laterals, microdontia

“My teeth look too small — can they be made bigger?”

Teeth that are narrower or shorter than the ones around them. The most common version is peg-shaped lateral incisors — the teeth either side of the two front ones, which sometimes develop noticeably small and pointed. Occasionally they are missing altogether and the canines have drifted into their place.

What can help

An honest note

Peg laterals are one of the most satisfying things to treat, because building up two small teeth transforms a smile for a fraction of what people expect to pay. If your teeth have drifted into the wrong positions, though, creating the correct space first with Invisalign gives a result that looks proportioned rather than merely wider.

07

Gummy smile or uneven gum line

Also called excessive gingival display

“How do I fix a gummy smile?”

Showing more gum than you would like when you smile, or a gum line that sits at different heights across the front teeth. Often the teeth themselves are fine — they are simply partly covered, which makes them look short. The right treatment depends entirely on the cause: gum, lip, or jaw.

What can help

An honest note

Gum shaping alone often achieves what people assume needs veneers — reshaping the frame rather than replacing the picture. Where the cause is skeletal rather than gum tissue, however, no amount of gum contouring will fix it, and Dr. Albert will tell you honestly rather than treat around the problem.

Not seeing what's bothering you? These are the concerns we're asked about most, but they aren't the only things we treat — and plenty of people arrive describing something they can't quite name. That's what a consultation is for.

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Before you decide

The questions that come up first.

I don't know what I need — where do I start?

That is the normal starting point, and it is genuinely fine to arrive without a treatment in mind. Come to a consultation and describe what bothers you in your own words. Dr. Albert will examine, photograph and talk through what is actually causing it, then set out the options — including the option of doing very little. Most people leave with a clearer idea of what they need, which is frequently less than they arrived expecting.

Do I need to straighten my teeth first, or can I just have composite bonding?

This is the most common and most consequential question in cosmetic dentistry. If your teeth are only slightly out of line, veneers or bonding can even them out. If they are genuinely crowded or rotated, straightening first almost always gives a better result — and a more conservative one, because covering badly positioned teeth means removing more healthy tooth to make them sit flush. Aligning first, then refining with a small amount of bonding, usually delivers a more natural result than veneers alone.

Composite bonding or porcelain veneers — how do I choose?

Bonding is sculpted directly onto your teeth by hand in a single visit, usually with no damage to natural teeth, and it is reversible. Porcelain is made in a laboratory, needs at least two visits and a small amount of tooth preparation, but resists staining better and lasts longer. Bonding suits reshaping, chips, gaps and moderate changes. Porcelain suits severe discolouration, extensive wear, or when you want the longest-lasting result. For many people bonding is the right first step — and porcelain remains available later.

Can I have more than one thing treated at once?

Usually, and often that is the better plan. Whitening combined with bonding, or Invisalign followed by composite, are among the most common sequences here. What matters is the order: alignment before reshaping, whitening before any bonding or veneers, gum contouring before rebuilding the tooth. Getting the sequence right is most of what a treatment plan is for.

What is the least invasive option for my smile?

As a general order, from least to most invasive: whitening, then composite bonding, then Invisalign, then porcelain veneers or crowns. Whitening changes nothing structurally. Bonding adds material to your teeth rather than removing any, in most cases. Invisalign moves your own teeth rather than covering them, though it often needs a very small amount of polishing between them to create space — a fraction of a millimetre, invisible once treatment is finished. Porcelain requires a small amount of tooth to be prepared, which cannot be reversed. Dr. Albert works down that list, not up it.

How long does a full smile transformation take?

It depends entirely on whether teeth need to move. Composite bonding alone is typically a single appointment of two to five hours. Porcelain veneers take two to three visits across a few weeks. If Invisalign is part of the plan, most cases take four to six months before the cosmetic work begins, and fifteen to twenty-four months where the crowding or bite issue is more severe. At consultation you will be given a realistic timeline for your specific case, including whether anything can be brought forward for an event.

Will it be obvious that I have had work done?

Only if that is what you have asked for. Every case here is designed around your face, and the style is your choice — from a natural result where people cannot quite identify what has changed, through to a brighter, bolder Hollywood finish. The teeth are designed to suit your features, age and personality rather than a standard template, which is what stops a smile reading as obviously 'done'.

What if I only want to fix one tooth?

Then that is what we will do. Single-tooth work is common — a chipped edge, one dark tooth, a small lateral incisor. It is also the most technically demanding cosmetic dentistry there is, because a single tooth has to match its neighbours exactly in colour, translucency and character, with nothing to hide behind. You will never be told you need ten veneers when you asked about one tooth.

How much should I expect to spend?

It depends entirely on how much is being treated. Whitening starts from £349, composite bonding is £480 per tooth, and porcelain veneers start from £950 per tooth — so a single bonded tooth and a full-smile porcelain redesign sit at very different ends of the range. Every quote is confirmed at consultation once the plan is agreed, and 0% finance is available. Full details are on our fees page.

Is there anything that cannot be fixed cosmetically?

Some things need addressing before cosmetic work rather than instead of it — active gum disease, untreated decay, or a bite problem causing the wear. Certain skeletal issues, such as a genuinely gummy smile caused by jaw position, sit beyond what dentistry alone can change. Dr. Albert will tell you plainly if that is your situation, and where appropriate refer you on, rather than treat around a problem that will resurface.

Reviewed by Dr. Albert Gajdos, GDC No. 256157 Last updated August 2026

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